Epstein Barr Virus

Please click the frequently asked questions below for further information and IPC precautions required:

• What is Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)?

  Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), also known as human herpes virus 4, is a member of the herpes virus family.

  After you get an EBV infection, the virus becomes latent (inactive) in your body. In some cases, the virus may reactivate. This does not always cause symptoms, but people with weakened immune systems are more likely to develop symptoms if EBV reactivates.

  It commonly causes Glandular Fever.

• How does it spread?

  This virus is found in the saliva of infected people and can be spread through:

  • kissing – glandular fever is often referred to as the ‘kissing disease’
  • exposure to coughs and sneezes
  • sharing eating and drinking utensils, such as cups, glasses and unwashed cutlery
  • EBV may be found in the saliva of someone who has had glandular fever for several months after their symptoms pass, and some people may continue to have the virus in their saliva on and off for years.

  If you have EBV, it’s a good idea to take steps to avoid infecting others while you are ill, such as not kissing other people, but there’s no need no need to avoid all contact with others as the chances of passing on the infection are generally low.

• What are the symptoms?

  Common symptoms include:

  • a high temperature (fever)
  • a severely sore throat
  • swollen glands in the neck
  • fatigue (extreme tiredness)

  While the symptoms of glandular fever can be very unpleasant, most of them should pass within 2 to 3 weeks. Fatigue, however, can occasionally last several months.

• Why is this important?

  If NIAS staff are aware that the patient has a suspected or confirmed case this should be communicated to the Control Room (Emergency or Non-emergency as appropriate) and the staff in the receiving unit when transferring the patient to ensure effective patient care and management.

• IPC Precautions
  • Standard Precautions should be used.
  • Hand Hygiene should be completed as per the 5 moments in line with usual practice.
  • Eye protection should be risk assessed for any concern regarding a splash risk.
  • Gloves and Aprons should be risk assessed and worn if contact with the patient’s blood or bodily fluids.
  • Laundry should be treated as per usual local policy.
• What cleaning is required?

  All equipment and the ambulance should have an in-between patient clean, paying particular attention to touch points.

• Do staff need prophylaxis or follow up?

  No follow up required.

• Links to guidance:

  Glandular fever – NHS