Tetanus is a rare disease resulting from a neurotoxin that is produced during infection with Clostridium tetani. C.tetani is a common environmental bacterium that forms spores that are highly resistant to extreme hot and cold temperatures.
People who inject drugs (PWID) are at increased risk of infection.
Treatment includes supportive care, wound debridement, and may involve administration of antimicrobials and anti-tetanus antibodies.
Immunisation against tetanus is the most effective method of prevention and is included as part of the UK childhood immunisation schedule, with routine primary vaccination recommended at two, three, and four months of age, followed by a booster dose from age three years and four months, with a further booster at 13 to 18 years of age.
Prophylactic immunisation is recommended following injuries involving tetanus-prone wounds if routine immunisation was not received or was received more than 10 years ago.
